七夕节习俗英文介绍_七夕节的主要习俗
七夕节习俗英文介绍
QiQiao needle
This is the earliest QiQiao mode, and later began in han deteriorates. The fissura miscellanea, said: "the Chinese female often in July 7 colour in seven holes, people look to needle with learning." By age LiangZongMou jingchu, said: "the July 7, Pennsylvania is somebody else women wear seven self-expanding floor with gold and silver, or stone for yourself." "And", said: "all topographic exerts on July 7th layer, city of more than GongRen, put a needle. The needle floor." The five WangRenYu YiShi tianbao kaiyuan Tanabata, "said: by jin palace building, forming a hundred yards, high house can be overcome with dozens of people, Chen, fruit wine, with ZuoJu char sacrificial cow female star in nine holes, concubines to wear colors on needle thread for ever, skillfully. Move the hou qing of song, pleasures of people working. Soil is of validity. The correlations TaoZongYi yuan YuanShi records of court said: "the nine lead, QiQiao Tanabata. And, with colorful silk wear lady-in-waiting debut at first, for after finish, who was later lost the contributive to exchange, each person should be."
喜蛛应巧
这也是较早的一种乞巧方式，其俗稍晚于穿针乞巧，大致起于南北朝之时。南朝梁宗懔《荆楚岁时记》说; “是夕，陈瓜果于庭中以乞巧。有喜子网于瓜上则以为符应。”
五代王仁裕《开元天宝遗事》说：“七月七日，各捉蜘蛛于小盒中，至晓开;视蛛网稀密以为得巧之侯。密者言巧多，稀者言巧少。民间亦效之”宋朝孟元老《东京梦华录》说，七月七夕“以小蜘蛛安合子内，次日看之，若网圆正谓之得巧。”宋周密《干淳岁时记》说;“以小蜘蛛贮合内，以候结网之疏密为得巧之多久”明田汝成《熙朝乐事》说，七夕“以小盒盛蜘蛛，次早观其结网疏密以为得巧多寡。”由此可见，历代验巧之法不同，南北朝视网之有无、唐视网之稀密，宋视网之圆正，后世多遵唐俗。
XiZhu should be perfect
This is a QiQiao earlier, the common later in QiQiao needle, roughly in the southern. In LiangZong deloitte was alarmed by the age of chu said, "Is TingZhong in Pennsylvania, Chen melon QiQiao in hei subnet. In melon is thought operator shall."
The five WangRenYu YiShi tianbao kaiyuan "said: July 7, the spider in a small box in catching, depending on the web to xiao, dilute the secret was thought. The more the loose talk, talk less." SongChaoMeng folk also effect the Tokyo records of wei menghua elder, "said little spider July seventh in the zygote, see, if the net is the circle skillfully." Song min-soon subtle and age, "said "Small spider storage and to wait for the density and net skillfully TianRuCheng" how "of the pleasures of city, said at a small box filled with Tanabata" spider, the "network density earlier." that was Therefore, the method of inspection, and different opportunely, miniaturization of the tang dynasty, miniaturization of thin, circular is miniaturization. Did much later tang
投针验巧
这是七夕穿针乞巧风俗的变体，源于穿针，又不同于穿针，是明清两代的盛行的七夕节俗。明刘侗、于奕正的《帝京景物略》说：“七月七日之午丢巧针。妇女曝盎水日中，顷之，水膜生面，绣针投之则浮，看水底针影。有成云物花头鸟兽影者，有成鞋及剪刀水茄影者，谓乞得巧;其影粗如锤、细如丝、直如轴蜡，此拙征矣。”《直隶志书》也说，良乡县(今北京西南)“七月七日，妇女乞巧，投针于水，借日影以验工拙，至夜仍乞巧于织女”请于敏中《日下旧闻考》引《宛署杂记》说：“燕都女子七月七日以碗水暴日下，各自投小针浮之水面，徐视水底日影。或散如花，动如云，细如线，粗租如锥，因以卜女之巧。”
Cast needle. Check
This is the seventh QiQiao needle variants of customs, and different from needle, needle in the Ming and qing dynasties is the popular qixi. LiuDong Ming emperor, YuYi is the scenery of Beijing, said: "the lost 7 July afternoon. Women's aeration opportunely, worthy of the water, the water film pasta, embroidery needle shots at the bottom float, needle. Your heads of birds cloud content, your shoes and scissors, solanaceae water of Kilimanjaro; it refers to the nearest coarse and fine hammer of such as silk, such as axis, the wax on slow." The law also says ZhiShu zhili, liangxiang county (now Beijing southwest) ", July 7, QiQiao women, in water, borrow it needle with inspection work, to QiQiao night still in the fairy "please YuMinZhong has led the jasmine of news agency, said:" YanDou miscellanea, July 7 women with violence, and their respective bowls of water under the small needle shots, xu depending on the float. Or shadows underwater, cloud, and as such, coarse linen as cones, for rent to the woman."
种生求子
旧时习俗，在七夕前几天，先在小木板上敷一层土，播下粟米的种子，让它生出绿油油的嫩苗，再摆一些小茅屋、花木在上面，做成田舍人家小村落的模样，称为“壳板”，或将绿豆、小豆、小麦等浸于磁碗中，等它长出敷寸的芽，再以红、蓝丝绳扎成一束，称为“种生”，又叫“五生盆”或“生花盆”。南方各地也称为“泡巧”，将长出的豆芽称为巧芽，甚至以巧芽取代针，抛在水面乞巧。还用蜡塑各种形象，如牛郎、织女故事中的人物，或秃鹰、鸳鸯、等动物之形，放在水上浮游，称之为“水上浮”。又有蜡制的婴儿玩偶，让妇女买回家浮于水土，以为宜子之祥，称为“化生”。
A child born
The old custom, in a few days ago, the seventh in a small planks apply, sow the seeds of corn, let it gives the green seedling, put a small hut, flowers and trees in the above fields, make family small villages, called the "shell", or will mung bean, adzuki bean, wheat dip in magnetic bowl and apply bud, again with the red, blue wire rope a bundle, called "type", also called "five birth basin" or "life flowerpot". Across southern is also known as the "bubble", will grow opportunely opportunely, called the bean sprouts in bud bud needle or replace opportunely, in QiQiao surface. With wax model of image, such as cowboy, fairy tale characters, or the bald eagle, mandarin, etc, in the shape of animals, called "water water floating". And the baby dolls, wax make women buy home soil, the thought is in the son, called "im".
供奉“磨喝乐”
磨喝乐是旧时民间七夕节的儿童玩物，即小泥偶，其形象多为传荷叶半臂衣裙，手持荷叶。每年七月七日，在开封的“潘楼街东宋门外瓦子、州西梁门外瓦子、北门外、南朱雀门外街及马行街内，皆卖磨喝乐，乃小塑土偶耳”。其实宋朝稍晚以后的磨喝乐，已不再是小土偶了，相反的，越作越精致。磨喝乐的大小、姿态不一，最大的高至三尺，与真的小孩于相上下。制作的材料则有以象牙雕镂或用龙延佛手香雕成的，磨喝乐的装扮，更是极尽精巧之能事，有以彩绘木雕为栏座，或用红砂碧笼当罩子，手中所持的玩具也多以金玉宝石来装饰，一对磨喝乐的造价往往高达数千钱。 缂丝七夕乞巧图轴
"Drink" enshrined grinding
The old folk music is grinding drink of children's toys, qixi, namely small clay accidentally image to preach the lotus, lotus dress with half an arm. Every year in July 7, "pan of kaifeng building street east song, west door watts beam, north door outside watts, rosefinch outside street and horse street, sold in grinding, but small plastic drink TuOu ear". In the late song dynasty after grinding, is no longer drink a little TuOu, instead, the more delicate as. The size of the music, drink grinding, the biggest different attitude to three feet high, and the child to in real. The materials are made by DiaoLou ivory carvings LongYan or use perfume, berganottin grinding of drink, but as the top, with delicate woodcarving, coloured drawing or pattern for the column with a red or green sand covered when, cage in the toy is more gold jewels adornment, a pair of grinding drink as cost of money. Provides the Tanabata QiQiao figure axis
拜织女
“拜织女”纯是少女、少妇们的事。她们大都是预先和自己朋友或邻里们约好五六人，多至十来人，联合举办。举行的仪式，是于月光下摆一张桌子，桌子上置茶、酒、水果、五子(桂圆、红枣、榛子、花生，瓜子)等祭品;又有鲜花几朵，束红纸，插瓶子里，花前置一个小香炉。那么，约好参加拜织女的少妇、少女们，斋戒一天，沐浴停当，准时都到主办的家里来，于案前焚香礼拜后，大家一起围坐在桌前，一面吃花生，瓜子，一面朝着织女星座，默念自己的心事。如少女们希望长得漂亮或嫁个如意郎、少妇们希望早生贵子等，都可以向织女星默祷。玩到半夜始散。
Worship vega
"The fairy maiden" pure is the worship of the young woman,. They are mostly in advance and his friends and neighbors who are about six good, to 10 people, jointly. The ceremony was held in the moonlight bottom, a table, tea, wine, fruit for abital, longan, red jujube, (hazel, peanuts, melon seeds) offering; There are flowers and a few, red paper, insert the bottle, flower lead a small bowls. Then, a woman to worship the fairy, girls, fast, bath for one time to host the house, in AnQian for religious worship, sitting at the table, together eat peanuts, melon seeds, one side, silently towards vega their mind. Girls like to marry a pretty or young people hope, with precious, early to vega prayed. Play until midnight beginning.
拜魁星
俗传七月七日是魁星的生日。魁星文事，想求取功名的读书人特别崇敬魁星，所以一定在七夕这天祭拜，祈求他保佑自己考运亨通。魁星爷就是魁斗星，廿八宿中的奎星，为北斗七星的第一颗星，也魁星或魁首。古代士子中状元时称“大魁天下士”或“一举夺魁”，都是因为魁星主掌考运的缘故。
根据民间传说，魁星爷生前长相奇丑，脸上长满斑点，又是个跛脚。有人便写了一首打油诗来取笑他：不扬何用饰铅华，纵使铅华也莫遮。娶得麻姑成两美，比来蜂室果无差。须眉以下鸿留爪，口鼻之旁雁踏沙。莫是檐前贪午睡，风吹额上落梅花。相君玉趾最离奇，一步高来一步低。款款行时身欲舞，飘飘度处乎如口。只缘世路皆倾险，累得芳踪尽侧奇。莫笑腰枝常半折，临时摇曳亦多姿。
然而这位魁星爷志气奇高，发愤用功，竟然高中了。皇帝殿试时，问他何脸上全是斑点，他答道：“麻面满天星”;问他的脚为何跛了，他答道：“独脚跳龙门”。皇帝很满意，就录取了他。
另一种完全不同的传说，说魁星爷生前虽然满腹学问，可惜每考必败，便悲愤得投河自杀了。岂料竟被鳖鱼救起，升天成了魁星。因为魁星能左右文人的考运，所以每逢七月七日他的生日，读书人都郑重的祭拜。
Worship kuixing
On July 7th kuixing pass is vulgar. Wen, want to kuixing achievement for the reader, so certain special kuixing reverence for worship in his seventh day, his exam shipped to prosper. Bless Mai is chief dou kuixing star, 28, the KuiXing accommodation for the big dipper, also the first star kuixing or KuiShou. In ancient scholars said "scholar" or "corporal pq days did", because of the palm exam kuixing.
According to the folk tale, kuixing ye were full face looks strange ugly, and a lame spots. Someone then wrote a limerick to make fun of him: what act the role ofing, raise even while also don't hide. Marry to MaGu into two beauty, no difference than bees room fruit. A man following claws, beside the muzzle on the sand. Mo's eaves, before the wind; napping foreheads fell plum. The prince is jade toe, step by step to high. Each body to dance, rather like the flowing in degrees. The road is only edge leans risks, and tired footsteps do side. MoXiao waist branches often half fold, temporary swaying also.
However, the elder's ambition, kuixing assiduous study, unexpectedly high school. The emperor DianShi, ask him how he is all spots on baby pits replied: ";" Asked why he is lame foot, he replied: "only feet jump longmen". The emperor was very satisfied, they hired him.
A completely different legends, though disgruntled kuixing ye said before, but not every exam, he threw himself to grief. Conclusion was rescued by heaven, became a turtle fish kuixing. Because the literati kuixing can control on July 7, so he's birthday, inparticular solemnly itself
各地七夕习俗
江苏——七夕香桥会
在江苏嘉兴塘汇乡古窦泾村，有七夕香桥会。每年七夕，人们都赶来参与，搭制香桥。所谓香桥，是用各种粗长的裹头香(以纸包着的线香)搭成的长约四五米、宽约半米的桥梁，装上栏杆，于栏杆上扎上五色线制成的花装饰。入夜，人们祭祀双星，乞求福祥，然后将香桥焚化，象征着双星已走过香桥，欢喜地相会。这香桥，是由传说中的鹊桥传说衍化而来。
湖南、浙江——妇女洗发、接露水
妇女七夕洗发，也是特别的习俗。在湖南、江浙一带都有此记载。例如湖南湘潭地区《攸县志》：“七月七日，妇女采柏叶、桃枝，煎汤沐发。”而散文名家琦君(浙江籍)的《髻》也提到其母与叔婆等女眷，都在七夕沐发。这项习俗，大约和七夕“圣水”的信仰有关。人们认为，七夕这天取泉水、河水，就如同取银河水一样，具有洁净的神圣力量。有的地方直接叫它“天孙(即织女)圣水”。因此女性在这天沐发，也就有了特殊意义，代表用银河里的圣水净发，必可获得织女神的护佑。
还流行用脸盆接露水的习俗。传说七夕节时的露水是牛郎织女相会时的眼泪，如抹在眼上和手上，可使人眼明手快。
胶东——拜七姐神
在胶东地区，多于七夕拜七姐神。年轻妇女穿上新装，欢聚一堂，于庭中盟结七姐妹，口唱歌谣：“天皇皇，地皇皇，俺请七姐姐下天堂。不图你针，不图你线，光学你七十二样好手段。”不少地方还制作“巧花”，少女们用面粉制牡丹、莲、梅、兰、菊等带花的饼馍食品(或称巧果)，还有巧菜，即于酒盅中培育麦芽(此即宋代的“种生”)，用巧果、巧菜来祭祀织女。
中国西南——染指甲
染指甲系流传在中国西南一带的七夕习俗，四川省诸多县志以及贵州、广东两地，也有此风。许多地区的年轻姑娘，喜欢在节日时用树的液浆兑水洗头发，传说不仅可以年青美丽，而且对未婚的女子，还可以尽快找到如意郎君。用花草染指甲也是大多数女子与儿童们，在节日娱乐中的一种爱好，也与生育信仰有密切的关系。
广州——迎仙
广州的乞巧节独具特色，节日到来之前，姑娘们就预先备好用彩纸、通草、线绳等，编制成各种奇巧的小玩艺，还将谷种和绿豆放入小盒里用水浸泡，使之发芽，待芽长到二寸多长时，用来拜神，称为“拜仙禾”和“拜神菜”。从初六晚开始至初七晚，一连两晚，姑娘们穿上新衣服，戴上新首饰，一切都安排好后，便焚香点烛，对星空跪拜，称为“迎仙”，自三更至五更，要连拜七次。拜仙之后，姑娘们手执彩线对着灯影将线穿过针孔，如一口气能穿七枚针孔者叫得巧，被称为巧手，穿不到七个针孔的叫输巧。七夕之后，姑娘们将所制作的小工艺品、玩具互相赠送，以示友情。
藏族七夕节习俗
藏族主要分布在西藏，其余在青海、甘肃、四川、云南等地。藏族人多信喇嘛教。
敬献“哈达”是藏族对客人最普遍、最隆重的礼节，献的哈达越长越宽，表示的礼节也越隆重。对尊者、长辈，献哈达的时候要双手举过头，身体略向前倾，把哈达捧到座。
藏族风情前。对平辈，只要把哈达送到对方手里或手腕上就行;对晚辈或下属，就系在他们脖子上。如果不鞠躬或用单手送，都是不礼貌的。接受哈达的人最好做和献哈达的人一样的姿势，并表示谢意。
藏民在见面打招呼时，点头吐舌表示亲切问候，受礼者应微笑点头为礼。有客人来拜访，藏民们等候在帐外目迎贵客光临。藏民们见到长者或尊敬的客人，要脱帽躬身45度，帽子拿在手上接近地面;见到平辈，头稍低就行，帽子拿在胸前，以示礼貌。男女分坐，并习惯男坐左女坐右。
藏民对客人有敬献奶茶，酥油茶和青稞酒的礼俗。客人到藏族家里作客，主人要敬三杯青稞酒，不管客人会不会喝酒，都要用无名指蘸酒弹一下。如果客人不喝、不弹，主人会立即端起酒边唱边跳，前来劝酒。如果客人酒量小，可以喝一口，就让添酒。连喝两口酒后，由主人添满杯，客人一饮而尽。这样，客人喝得不多，主人也很满意。按照藏族习俗，主人敬献酥油茶，客人不能拒绝，至少要喝3碗，喝得越多越受欢迎。
敬酥油茶的礼仪是:客人坐在藏式方桌边，女主人拿一只镶着银边的小木碗放在客人面前，接着提壶或热水瓶给客人倒上满碗酥油茶，主客开始聊天;等女主人再提壶，客人就可以端起碗来，轻轻地往碗里吹一圈，然后呷上一口，并说些称赞茶打得好的话;等女主人第三次提壶时，客人呷上第二口酒;客人准备告辞，可以多喝几口，但不能喝干，碗底一定要留点漂着油酥花的茶底。
藏胞最忌讳别人用手抚摸佛像、经书、佛珠和护身符等圣物，认为是触犯禁规，对人畜不利。